Electrical Regeneration for Long-Haul Fiber-Optic Time and Frequency Distribution Systems

On Achievable Rates for Long-Haul Fiber-Optic Communications

Lower bounds on mutual information (MI) of long-haul optical fiber systems for hard-decision and soft-decision decoding are studied. Ready-to-use expressions to calculate the MI are presented. Extensive numerical simulations are used to quantify how changes in the optical transmitter, receiver, and channel affect the achievable transmission rates of the system. Special emphasis is put to the us...

Modulation Formats for High-Speed, Long-Haul Fiber Optic Communication Systems

1. Introduction The goal of an optical fiber communication system is to transmit the maximum number of bits per second over the maximum possible distance with the fewest errors. A typical digital fiber optic link is depicted in Figure 1. Electrical data signals are converted to optical signals via a modulator. A " 1 " is transmitted as a pulse of light while a " 0 " has no light output. The num...

Compensated Fiber-optic Frequency Distribution Equipment

One-way frequency distribution of atomic clock standards has been widely studied, and several architectures have emerged that employ the use of a return path signal to compensate for the effects of temperature and phase noise. These architectures have generally relied upon temperature-controlled delay lines to compensate for fiber thermal effects, and polarization scrambling techniques to minim...

Fiber-Optic Propagation Effects in Long-Haul HF/VHF/UHF Analog Photonic Links

Fiber-Optic Measurement Systems: Microwave and Radio Frequency Heating Applications

EOAF 12004160 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Abstract Fiber-optic sensors do not interfere with electromagnetic fields and are commonly used to measure temperature and pressure used in microwave and frequency heating research and applications. This article introduces the physical principles for three different types of commonly used fiber-optic sensors and discusses important parameters to be considered ...